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Kingdom Monera
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Includes all the prokaryotic organisms or bacteria
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Organisms in this group do not have any internal membranous organelles such as a nucleus, golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum
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Organisms in this group do have a nucleoid region containing a chromosome organized into a circle, and they also have ribosomes for protein synthesis
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Most of the organisms in this group are decomposers. Some of them have Nitrogen fixing capability
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Kingdom Protista
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Generally unicellular, eukaryotic organisms, although some multicellular forms are also included
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Flagella may or may not be present
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Three different forms of movement are are seen in different forms; flagellar, pseudopodial, and ciliary
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Kingdom Fungi
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Fungi include molds, yeasts, mushrooms, rusts, and smuts
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This group of organisms are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms and obtain energy by extra cellular digestion and absorption
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Their cells grow elongated with filamentous structures called hyphae
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The cell walls of most fungi are composed of chitin and fungus cellulose
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Kingdom Plantae
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| Bryophytes |
Non-vascular embryophyte plants ('land plants')
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They have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems, but they lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids
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They reproduce via spores and do not produce flowers or seeds
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The antheridia (male organs) or archegonia (female organs) grow on the same plant in case of Monoicous bryophytes and on different plants in case of Dioicous bryophytes
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| Pteridophytes |
They are flowerless plants
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They do not produce seeds
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| Gymnosperms |
Their ovules on the edge or blade of an open sporophyll which is usually arranged in cone-like structures
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Gymnosperms are heterosporous, and produce microspores that develop into pollen grains and megaspores that are retained in an ovule
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| Angiosperms |
Have ovules enclosed in a carpel, a sporophyll with fused margins
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Have flowers
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Vascular tissue is completely developed in this group
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Climate adaptation is evident
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Kingdom Animalia
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